290 Metagenome-assembled Genomes from the Mediterranean Sea: Ongoing Effort to Generate Genomes from the Tara Oceans Dataset

13 The Tara Oceans Expedition has provided large, publicly-accessible microbial metagenomic 14 datasets from a circumnavigation of the globe. Utilizing several size fractions from the samples 15 originating in the Mediterranean Sea, we have used current assembly and binning techniques to 16 reconstruct 290 putative high-quality metagenome-assembled bacterial and archaeal genomes, 17 with an estimated completion of ≥50%, and an additional 2,786 bins, with estimated completion 18 of 0-50%. We have submitted our results, including initial taxonomic and phylogenetic 19 assignments for the putative high-quality genomes, to open-access repositories (iMicrobe and 20 FigShare) for the scientific community to use in ongoing research. 21 22 Introduction 23 Microorganisms are a major constituent of the biology within the world's oceans and act as the 24 important linchpins in all major global biogeochemical cycles 1. Marine microbiology is among 25 the disciplines at the forefront of pushing advancements in understanding how microorganisms 26 respond to and impact the local and large-scale environments. An estimated 10 29 Bacteria and 27 Archaea 2 reside in the oceans and an immense amount of poorly constrained, and ever evolving 28 genetic diversity. 29 The Tara Oceans Expedition (2003-2010) encompassed a major endeavor to add to the 30 body of knowledge collected during previous global ocean surveys to sample the genetic 31 potential of microorganisms 3. To accomplish this goal, members of Tara Oceans sampled 32 planktonic organisms (viruses to fish larvae) at two major depths, the surface ocean and the 33 mesopelagic. The amount of data collected was expansive and included 35,000 samples from 34 210 ecosystems 3. The Tara Oceans Expedition generated and publically released 7.2 Tbp of 35 metagenomic data from 243 ocean samples from throughout the global ocean, specifically 36 targeting the smallest members of the ocean biosphere, the viruses, Bacteria and Archaea, and 37 picoeukaryotes 4. Initial work on these fractions produced a large protein database, totaling > 40 38 million nonredundant protein sequences and identified >35,000 microbial operational taxonomic 39 units (OTUs) 4. 40 Leveraging the publically available metagenomic sequences from the " girus " (giant virus; 41 0.22-1.6 µm), " bacteria " (0.22-1.6 µm), and " protist " (0.8-5 µm) size fractions, we have 42 performed a new joint assembly of these samples using current sequence assemblers (Megahit 5) 43 and methods (combining assemblies from multiple sites using Minimus2 6). These metagenomic 44 assemblies were binned using a strictly coverage based …